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In this paper, we show that gender gaps in performance observed in high-stakes exams, relative to low-stakes exams, are partially shaped by the context of exam preparation. We examine the role of …
A growing literature discusses negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on college students’ learning outcomes. We extend this literature to vocational education and study the effect of the first …
Philippe Aghion, Ufuk Akcigit, Ari Hyytinen, and Otto Toivanen
Why is invention strongly positively correlated with parental income not only in the US but also in Finland which displays low income inequality and high social mobility? Using data on 1.45M Finnish …