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In this paper, we show that gender gaps in performance observed in high-stakes exams, relative to low-stakes exams, are partially shaped by the context of exam preparation. We examine the role of …
Finland offers a subsidy to employers for hiring individuals with low employment prospects. In 2015, changes to the subsidy’s funding caused some regions to unexpectedly suspend new subsidy grants. I …
Philippe Aghion, Ufuk Akcigit, Ari Hyytinen, and Otto Toivanen
Why is invention strongly positively correlated with parental income not only in the US but also in Finland which displays low income inequality and high social mobility? Using data on 1.45M Finnish …