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During the Soviet Union’s First Five-Year Plan, Western know-how and technology were extensively infused into industry through technical assistance agreements and work contracts with specialists and …
Discussion paper
Are furlough schemes useful under normal business cycle conditions? We address this question using administrative data from Finland, where such a scheme has long existed, and a model of firm dynamics …
Discussion paper
This study explores the effects of ECB’s monetary policy surprise spillovers on the financial markets of Sweden and Denmark, two small open economies (SOEs) with close ties to the euro area. …
Discussion paper
I examine the long-established scheme of furloughs in Finland, using detailed data on unemployment spells from 1999 to 2021. Furloughs allow employers in financial difficulty to suspend wages and …
Discussion paper