The Helsinki GSE Discussion Paper series is available on EconStor. EconStor is an open access server that provides a platform for the free distribution of academic literature in economics.
During the Soviet Union’s First Five-Year Plan, Western know-how and technology were extensively infused into industry through technical assistance agreements and work contracts with specialists and …
Discussion paper
After 2008, the Southern European economies suffered a strong and persistent increase in unemployment. Rising government bond spreads necessitated the implementation of austerity policies. Austerity, …
Discussion paper
We study the effect of school closures and the transition from on-site to on-line teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Finnish upper secondary schools. To identify the effects we exploit …
Discussion paper