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This paper provides large-scale evidence linking the economic effects of childcare programs to social skills measured in adulthood. We examine Finland’s first national public childcare program, and …
This study examines the short-term effects of Finland’s 2021 reform, which extended compulsory schooling to age 18. Using detailed administrative data, I analyze changes in educational outcomes and …
Mika Kortelainen, Jaakko Markkanen, Markku Siikanen, and Otto Toivanen
Quasi-experimental evidence on the effectiveness of price regulation policies in curbing pharmaceutical expenditure is scarce. We analyze widely utilized generic substitution and reference price …