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Are furlough schemes useful under normal business cycle conditions? We address this question using administrative data from Finland, where such a scheme has long existed, and a model of firm dynamics …
Discussion paper
Heterogeneous monopolists produce goods using either brown technology, which relies on labor and carbon energy, or green technology, which relies solely on labor. R&D rms enhance productivity …
Discussion paper
This study explores the effects of ECB’s monetary policy surprise spillovers on the financial markets of Sweden and Denmark, two small open economies (SOEs) with close ties to the euro area. …
Discussion paper
I examine the long-established scheme of furloughs in Finland, using detailed data on unemployment spells from 1999 to 2021. Furloughs allow employers in financial difficulty to suspend wages and …
Discussion paper
The extraction of carbon energy contributes to the global stock of pollution, increasing the risk of welfare-damaging environmental dis- aster. The governments of the countries educate workers as …
Discussion paper