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Heterogeneous monopolists produce goods using either brown technology, which relies on labor and carbon energy, or green technology, which relies solely on labor. R&D rms enhance productivity …
We analyze displacement effects of a recent urban renewal program in Helsinki using population-wide register data and a difference-in-differences design. The data allow us to identify the incumbent …
I examine the long-established scheme of furloughs in Finland, using detailed data on unemployment spells from 1999 to 2021. Furloughs allow employers in financial difficulty to suspend wages and …
The extraction of carbon energy contributes to the global stock of pollution, increasing the risk of welfare-damaging environmental dis- aster. The governments of the countries educate workers as …