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I study a tax policy in Finland in 1976 that changed the basis for income taxation from couple’s joint income to individual income. Following the shift from family taxation to individual taxation, …
Lower income commuters are more likely to ride and reside near public transit within cities, but do they also benefit more from faster transit travel? Combining survey data on travel behavior with …
We study the effect of school closures and the transition from on-site to on-line teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Finnish upper secondary schools. To identify the effects we exploit …