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In industries where consumption generates negative externalities and internalities, governments can attempt to curb excess demand by restricting supply. However, this strategy may simply shift …
Discussion paper
I examine the long-established scheme of furloughs in Finland, using detailed data on unemployment spells from 1999 to 2021. Furloughs allow employers in financial difficulty to suspend wages and …
Discussion paper
A key challenge in cartel enforcement is identifying collusive agreements. We study two major Nordic procurement cartels that operated in the asphalt paving market. We find evidence that during the …
Discussion paper